local anasethesia

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Carpal Block
Recommended for declaws on cats 
Simple, quick procedure, provides several hours of analgesia 
Anatomy: 


Procedure: 
3 injections 
0.2-0.3 mls bupivicaine/injection site 
use small gauge needle (22 or smaller) 




Dental blocks
Used frequently to enhance analgesia during dental procedures in dogs & cats 
3 blocks used used most commonly 
Mental 
Infraorbital 
Catheterize to block maxillary nerve 
Mandibular 
To provide analgesia to the teeth, need to block the maxillary nerve & the mandibular nerve 
Infraorbital & mental blocks primarily block soft tissue of rostral lips & gums 
 







Mental block:




Mandibular block:




Infraorbital block:




 

 LOCAL ANALGESIA TECHNIQUES IN CATTLE
 Outline

Cornual nerve block (horn analgesia) 
Auriculopalpebral nerve block (eye analgesia) 
Intravenous regional analgesia of the digit (foot analgesia) 
Proximal paravertebral block (flank/abdominal analgesia) 
Distal Paravertebral block (flank/abdominal analgesia) 
Infiltration analgesia 
Inverted "L" or "7" block (flank analgesia) 
Caudal epidural block (anal/perineal analgesia) 
CORNUAL NERVE BLOCK
Indication:
Dehorning 
Horn injury
Anatomy:
Ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve
Injection site:
The upper third of the temporal ridge, about 2.5 cm below the base of the horn.
The nerve is relative superficial, about 0.7-1 cm deep.
Anesthetic:  
2% lidocaine 3-5 ml
Onset of analgesia:
10-15 minutes
Duration of analgesia:
approximately one hour
Variability:
In adult cattle with well developed horns, a ring block around the base of the horn may be necessary.
 



AURICULOPALPEBRAL BLOCK
Purpose:
Prevent eyelid closure during examination of the eyeball.
Anatomy:
Auriculopalpebral nerve supplies motor fiber to the orbicularis oculi muscle.
It runs from the base of the ear along the facial crest, past and ventral of the eye, giving off its branches on the way.
Injection site:
The needle is inserted in front of the base of the ear at the base of the ear at the end of the zygomatic arch and is introduced until its point lies at the dorsal border of the arch.
Anesthetic:  
2% lidocaine 10-15 ml
 Onset of analgesia:
10-15 minutes
 Duration of analgesia:
approximately one hour
Caution: 
This block does not produce analgesia of the eye or the lids.
In conjunction with topic analgesia (2% lidocaine) it is useful for the removal of foreign bodies form the cornea and conjunctival sac.