Cardiovascular system – Blood & Immunity
NeXt VeT :: •εïз¦[الســـــــــــــــاحة البيطريه]¦εïз• :: `* الساحة الدراسية :*¨` :: `*:•. second term •:*¨`
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Cardiovascular system – Blood & Immunity
من طرف dr:sniper الأربعاء مايو 06, 2009 12:22 am
Cardiovascular system – Blood & Immunity
I. Physical characteristics of blood
- fluid CT composed of matrix (plasma) & formed elements (cells & cell fragments)
- temperature - 38° C
- 5x as viscous as H2O
- pH – 7.35-7.45
II. Functions
A. Transportation
B. Regulation
C. Protection
III. Composition of blood (fig. 11-1)
a. Plasma – 55%
92% H2O
7% Proteins
i. Albumins
ii. Globulins
iii. Fibrinogen
1% Other stuff
b. Formed elements – 45%
i. Erythrocytes (RBCs) (99.9%)
ii. Leukocytes (WBCs)
1. granular
a. neutrophils
b. eosinophils
c. basophils
2. agranular
a. lymphocytes
b. monocytes
iii. Platelets
IV. Development of formed elements – Hemopoiesis (fig. 11-5)
Hemocytoblast (pluripotent stem cell) à Myeloid stem cell
à Lymphoid stem cell
Myeloid stem à proerythroblast à erythrocyte
à myeloblast à neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
à monoblast à monocyte
à megakaryoblast à megakaryocyte à platelets
Lymphoid stem à lymphoblast à lymphocytes
V. Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Structure
- function
- amount per mm3 (1 mm3 = 1 μl)
- “life” span
- formation – “erythropoiesis”
VI. Blood typing (fig. 11-7)
- Surface antigens (agglutinogens) – A, B, Rh
- Plasma antibodies (agglutinins) – anti A, anti B
VII. Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Structure
- Characteristics – amoeboid movement; diapedesis, positive chemotaxis, phagocytosis
- “life” span – variable depending on type
- amount per mm3
- WBC differential
- Functions of WBC’s
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes – T & B cells
VIII. Immunity (fig. 14-11)
A. Innate immunity
B. Acquired immunity
1. Active immunity
a. naturally acquired active immunity
b. induced (artificial) active immunity
2. Passive immunity
a. natural passive immunity
b. induced (artificial) passive immunity
IX. Properties of immunity
A. specificity – antigen recognition
B. versatility – millions of different lymphocyte populations/Ag receptors allow for “anticipation” of potential antigens
C. memory – through production of memory cells, confers long term acquired immunity
D. tolerance – to self antigens
X. Cell mediated immunity (cellular immunity) (p. 465-467, fig. 14-13)
-T cell activation occurs when antigens area bound to MHC proteins on cells:
- Class I MHC proteins found on all nucleated cells’ membranes
- Class II MHC proteins found in APC cells’ membranes
-T cell activation results in cloning & differentiation into:
a. cytotoxic T cells
b. helper T cells
c. memory T cells
d. suppressor T cells
XI. Antibody mediated immunity (humoral immunity) (p. 467-468, fig. 14-14)
- B cells become “sensitized” by combining the specific antigen with their own class II MHC proteins
- Activated helper T cells attach to the sensitized B cell & “activate” them by secreting chemicals (cytokines)
- Cytokine secretion results in B cell cloning & differentiation into Plasma cells & Memory cells
- Plasma cells produce millions of copies of Ab’s which seek out & bind to Ag (Ab-Ag complex), eventually leading to elimination of antigen (p. 469)
XII. Thrombocytes
- structure
- amount per mm3
- “life” span
- functions – “hemostasis”
A. vascular phase
1. vascular spasm
B. platelet phase
1. platelet plug formation
2. coagulation
- extrinsic pathway
- intrinsic pathway
- common pathway
- clot retraction, repair & removal (fibrinolysis)
Chap. 11 & 14 (p. 464-471)
I. Physical characteristics of blood
- fluid CT composed of matrix (plasma) & formed elements (cells & cell fragments)
- temperature - 38° C
- 5x as viscous as H2O
- pH – 7.35-7.45
II. Functions
A. Transportation
B. Regulation
C. Protection
III. Composition of blood (fig. 11-1)
a. Plasma – 55%
92% H2O
7% Proteins
i. Albumins
ii. Globulins
iii. Fibrinogen
1% Other stuff
b. Formed elements – 45%
i. Erythrocytes (RBCs) (99.9%)
ii. Leukocytes (WBCs)
1. granular
a. neutrophils
b. eosinophils
c. basophils
2. agranular
a. lymphocytes
b. monocytes
iii. Platelets
IV. Development of formed elements – Hemopoiesis (fig. 11-5)
Hemocytoblast (pluripotent stem cell) à Myeloid stem cell
à Lymphoid stem cell
Myeloid stem à proerythroblast à erythrocyte
à myeloblast à neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
à monoblast à monocyte
à megakaryoblast à megakaryocyte à platelets
Lymphoid stem à lymphoblast à lymphocytes
V. Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Structure
- function
- amount per mm3 (1 mm3 = 1 μl)
- “life” span
- formation – “erythropoiesis”
VI. Blood typing (fig. 11-7)
- Surface antigens (agglutinogens) – A, B, Rh
- Plasma antibodies (agglutinins) – anti A, anti B
VII. Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Structure
- Characteristics – amoeboid movement; diapedesis, positive chemotaxis, phagocytosis
- “life” span – variable depending on type
- amount per mm3
- WBC differential
- Functions of WBC’s
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes – T & B cells
VIII. Immunity (fig. 14-11)
A. Innate immunity
B. Acquired immunity
1. Active immunity
a. naturally acquired active immunity
b. induced (artificial) active immunity
2. Passive immunity
a. natural passive immunity
b. induced (artificial) passive immunity
IX. Properties of immunity
A. specificity – antigen recognition
B. versatility – millions of different lymphocyte populations/Ag receptors allow for “anticipation” of potential antigens
C. memory – through production of memory cells, confers long term acquired immunity
D. tolerance – to self antigens
X. Cell mediated immunity (cellular immunity) (p. 465-467, fig. 14-13)
-T cell activation occurs when antigens area bound to MHC proteins on cells:
- Class I MHC proteins found on all nucleated cells’ membranes
- Class II MHC proteins found in APC cells’ membranes
-T cell activation results in cloning & differentiation into:
a. cytotoxic T cells
b. helper T cells
c. memory T cells
d. suppressor T cells
XI. Antibody mediated immunity (humoral immunity) (p. 467-468, fig. 14-14)
- B cells become “sensitized” by combining the specific antigen with their own class II MHC proteins
- Activated helper T cells attach to the sensitized B cell & “activate” them by secreting chemicals (cytokines)
- Cytokine secretion results in B cell cloning & differentiation into Plasma cells & Memory cells
- Plasma cells produce millions of copies of Ab’s which seek out & bind to Ag (Ab-Ag complex), eventually leading to elimination of antigen (p. 469)
XII. Thrombocytes
- structure
- amount per mm3
- “life” span
- functions – “hemostasis”
A. vascular phase
1. vascular spasm
B. platelet phase
1. platelet plug formation
2. coagulation
- extrinsic pathway
- intrinsic pathway
- common pathway
- clot retraction, repair & removal (fibrinolysis)
dr:sniper- شخصية هامة
- s m s : أَنْهى الحـــــديثَ ، ولمْ يفـطن لخطبـــتهِ إلاَّ الصَّــدى و الّلَظى في قَـــلْبِه الدَّامي
وجَلْجَــــــــلَتْ صرْخةُ المستـهزئينَ بهِ : فــــــاتَ الأوانُ ، فلا تركن لأوهــــــامِ
نســـــيْتَ أنَّ لنــــا ربًّــــــا نلــــوذُ بـــهِ إذا تَـــــــطَاوَلَ فـينا جَـــــــورُ حُــــكَّامِ
عدد الرسائل : 5173
العمر : 35
الموقع : next vet
العمل/الترفيه : طبيب بـــــــــــيطري
تاريخ التسجيل : 13/12/2008 -
مواضيع مماثلة» blood supply eye
» Immune System
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» Immune System
» محاضرات الفيسيولوجى digestive system
» شرايح * Male Reproductive System *
» شرايح * FeMale Reproductive System *
NeXt VeT :: •εïз¦[الســـــــــــــــاحة البيطريه]¦εïз• :: `* الساحة الدراسية :*¨` :: `*:•. second term •:*¨`
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